Refining Applications
Crude / Vacuum
|
rude Oil |
Velocity, ft/s | |
|---|---|---|
|
less than 2 |
2 or more |
|
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | ||
| 0-250 °F | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| 250-350 °F | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| 350-450 °F | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| over 450 °F | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Crude / Vacuum Streams | (h.ft².°F/Btu) |
|---|---|
| Atmospheric Tower Overhead Vapor | 0.001 |
| Vacuum Overhead Vapors | 0.002 |
| Light Naphtha | 0.001 |
| Gasoline | 0.002 |
| Heavy Naphtha | 0.002-0.003 |
| Kerosene | 0.002-0.003 |
| Light Gas Oil | 0.002-0.003 |
| Heavy Gas Oil | 0.003-0.005 |
| Heavy Fuel Oils | 0.005-0.007 |
| Atmospheric Tower Bottoms | 0.007 |
| Vacuum Tower Bottoms | 0.010 |
Cracking & Coking
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| light Coker Gas Oil | 0.003-0.004 |
| Heavy Coker Gas Oil | 0.004-0.005 |
| Overhead Vapors | 0.002 |
| Light Liquid Products | 0.002 |
| Light Cycle Oil | 0.002-0.003 |
| Heavy Cycle Oil | 0.003-0.004 |
| Bottoms Slurry Oil (4.5 ft/s Min) | 0.003 |
HF Alkylation
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Alkylate | 0.003 |
| Depropanizer Bottoms | 0.003 |
| Main Fractionator feed | 0.003 |
| Main Fractionator Overhead | 0.003 |
| All Other Process Streams | 0.002 |
Hydrocracking
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Reactor Charge | 0.002 |
| Reactor Effluent | 0.002 |
| Recycle Gas | 0.001 |
| Overhead Vapors | 0.001 |
| Liquid Product Over 50 °API | 0.001 |
| Liquid Product 30-50 °API | 0.002 |
Hydrodesulfurization
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Reactor Charge | 0.004-0.005 |
| Reactor Effluent | 0.002 |
| Recycle Gas | 0.002 |
| Stripper Charge | 0.003 |
| Liquid Products | 0.002 |
Light Ends Processing
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Overhead Vapors And Gases | 0.001 |
| Liquid Products | 0.001 |
| Absorption Oils | 0.002-0.003 |
| Alkylation Trace Acid Streams | 0.002 |
| Reboiler Streams | 0.002-0.003 |
Lube & Wax Processing
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Feedstock | 0.002 |
| Solvent-Feed Mix | 0.002 |
| Solvent | 0.001 |
| Extract | 0.003 |
| Raffinate | 0.001 |
| Asphalt | 0.005 |
| Wax Slurries | 0.003 |
| Refined Lube Oil | 0.001 |
Naphtha Hydrotreating
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Reactor Feed | 0.003 |
| Reactor Effluent | 0.002 |
| Recycle Gas | 0.001 |
| Overhead Vapors | 0.0015 |
| Treated Naphtha | 0.002 |
Naphtha Reforming
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Reactor Charge | 0.0015 |
| Reactor Effluent | 0.0015 |
| Recycle Gas | 0.001 |
| Overhead Vapors | 0.001 |
| Liquid Products | 0.001 |
Visbreaking
| (h.ft².°F/Btu) | |
|---|---|
| Overhead Vapor | 0.003 |
| Visbreaker Bottoms | 0.010 |
